Twenty-three medical students did same scenario, and the stuff surgeon instructed them. 2.2 Experiment 2įour stuff surgeons demonstrated laparoscopic cholecystectomy using the simulator, and they explained their procedure at the same time. Also, their touch field of both hands were analyzed by the video. ![]() Their eye movement was analyzed as described above. The expert and novice surgeons operated cholecystectomy on the simulator with same scenario. The simulation was done in two settings, conducted by the solo operator and with a camera operator wearing the eye tracking glasses. The movement of the operator’s hands was analyzed from the video. The surgery contents were devided into 5 parts dissection of the triangle of Calot and identification of the cystic duct and the cystic artery (step 1), clipping and cut of the cystic duct (step 2), clipping and cut of the cystic artery (step 3), dissecting of the gallbladder away from the gallbladder bed (step 4), removing the specimen and irrigate the abdominal cavity, if necessary (step 5). The eye movement detection method was a pupil corneal reflection method, and the detection rate was 60 Hz. The eye movement was measured by TalkEyeII (Takei Scientific Instruments) and EMR ACTUS (nac Image Technology Inc.). The examinee operated the same case of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy of the simulator, LapVR, according to the guidance of the software. Using this eye tracking system, the new educational system can be established to train the medical student, novice surgeon, and also expert surgeons as trainer. The medical students improved to shorten the duration time in procedure in one week of training, however, the gaging pattern did not change. Once their act change to a camera operator, their gaze behavior seemed to change to the trainer’s one. ![]() The expert operator showed economical hand and eye movement compared with novices. The examinee operated the same case of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy of the simulator, and the eye movement detection method was a pupil corneal reflection method. However, a few papers compared the eye gaze movement behavior of novice and expert surgeons during performance of a laparoscopic surgery task with a simulator. ![]() Eye movement differences between novices and experts have been shown in the various fields. Laparoscopic surgery is thought to be more difficult to acquire the surgical technique compared with conventional one.
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